Personal Independence Payment (PIP) is a benefit for people aged 16 to State Pension age who have a long-term physical or mental health condition or disability that causes difficulty with daily living activities, getting around, or both. It's not means-tested — your income and savings don't affect eligibility — and you can potentially receive it whether or not you're in work.
The two components
PIP has a daily living component (for help needed with things like preparing food, washing, dressing, or managing medication) and a mobility component (for help needed getting around). Each component is paid at a standard or enhanced rate depending on the level of difficulty you experience, assessed against a set of descriptors — you can qualify for one or both components depending on your circumstances.
How the assessment works
Most claims involve a functional assessment carried out by an independent health professional (working for an assessment provider on behalf of the DWP), either in person, by phone, or via video call. This isn't simply based on your diagnosis — it looks at how your condition affects your ability to carry out specific daily activities, which is why detailed, specific examples in your application tend to matter more than general statements.
Applying and evidence
The process starts with a claim form, followed by a detailed "How your disability affects you" questionnaire. Supporting evidence — letters from a GP, specialist, or other professionals involved in your care — can strengthen your claim, though it isn't always essential. Many people find it helpful to keep a diary of how their condition affects daily life in the run-up to their assessment.
If you disagree with a decision
If your claim is refused or you're awarded a lower rate than you expected, you can ask for a Mandatory Reconsideration before appealing to an independent tribunal. Advice organisations such as Citizens Advice can help with this process, and there are firm time limits for requesting a reconsideration, so it's worth acting promptly if you intend to challenge a decision.